zondag 25 oktober 2020
Michael Persinger on No More Secrets
zaterdag 24 oktober 2020
5G & Oxygen
woensdag 21 oktober 2020
De lachzakshow van Arjen Lubach | column Ad Nuis
dinsdag 20 oktober 2020
MUTATIONS IN DNA.
SOME ARTICLE I READ ABOUT DNA MUTATIONS THAT SEEM TO BE GOING ON:
NOTE: THIS ARTICLE IS FROM MANY YEARS AGO
AN INTERVIEW WITH DR. BERRENDA FOX.
JUST A PERSONAL NOTE: THE HOLISTIC ( OR SPIRITUAL) INTERPRETATION AND PERCEPTION, WITH A SIMILAR TENDENCY AS OTHER ARTICLES I'VE READ, I FEEL AND SEE MORE AND MORE AS 'REPUGNANT';
AND: PRESENTING SEVERE LIFE QUALITY DIMINISHING ALTERATIONS, OFTEN DISABLING, ALMOST AS WRAPPED IN A GOLDEN PAPER WITH A SILVER RIBBON....(WHERE ELSE DID I READ ABOUT THIS TACTIC AGAIN?) : UNREALISTIC AND DETRIMENTAL.
EXCERPT FROM THE ARTICLE:
"THE EASIEST WAY TO MUTATE OUR DNA IS THROUGH A VIRUS"
VIRUS OR EXOSOMES ??
2019/2020: THE YEAR THAT WAS SET TO 'SPEED UP ' SOME CHANGES? BIOLOGICAL/GENETIC/ELECTROMAGNETIC EXPERIMENTS?
ANOTHER EXCERPT:
"The changes are not known publicly, because the scientific community feels it would frighten the population."
IF THE REASON FOR NOT MAKING PUBLIC THIS KNOWLEDGE WOULD BE BECAUSE THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY FEELS IT WOULD FRIGHTEN THE POPULATION, THEN THIS WOULD BE AN UTTER TOKEN OF ARROGANCE, CONTEMPT TOWARDS AND DISCRIMINATION OF 'THE POPULATION'.
NOT PUBLISHING KNOWLEDGE RATHER GIVES CARTE BLANCHE TO EXPERIMENT WITH, DOING RESEARCH AND OBSERVE 'THE POPULATION' , WHILE STAYING UNDER THE RADAR:
('NAZI PRACTICES')
AND A LINK WITH A SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION IN 2013:
1953: PUBLISHED SCIENTIFIC PAPER ABOUT THE 'DOUBLE HELIX DNA'
2013: PUBLICATION OF FINDING 'FOUR STRANDED QUADRUPLE HELIX DNA STRUCTURES'
LINK: https://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/ciencia/ciencia_cambio03.htm
12 Strand DNA : Changes Evidences and Remedies
Subject 2: DNA, Body Changes and Remedies - Extracted from an article 'The Bigger Picture'
Evidence of changes in our DNA
Interview to Berrenda Fox
by Patricia Resch
Dr. Berrenda Fox provides evidence of DNA and cellular changes in this article by Patricia Resch. Dr. Fox is the holistic practitioner of the Avalon Wellness Centre in Mt Shasta, California. The Avalon Clinic represents the re-emergence of the ideal of healing as practiced on the original Isle of Avalon.
Dr Fox has proven through blood tests that some people have actually developed new strands of DNA.
PR: Berrenda, tell us a little about your background.
BF: I have doctorates in physiology and naturopathy. During my training in Europe I also was involved with the media, and this still continues in film and management. As you know, I'm working with FOX Television Network to bring about understanding of extraterrestrials and their role in what is happening with mankind at this time. The most well known are 'Sightings' and 'The X Files'.
PR: What are the changes that are happening at this time on the planet, and how are our bodies being affected?BF: There are major changes, mutations that haven't occurred, according to geneticists, since the time we supposedly came out of the water. Several years ago in Mexico City there was a convention of geneticists from around the world, and the main topic was the DNA change. We are making an evolutionary change, yet we don't know what we are changing into.
PR: How is our DNA changing?BF: Everyone has one double helix of DNA. What we are finding is that there are other helixes that are being formed. In the double helix there are two strands of DNA coiled into a spiral. It is my understanding that we will be developing twelve helixes. During this time, which seems to have started maybe 5 to 20 years ago, we have been mutating. This is the scientific explanation. It is a mutation of our species into something for which the end result is not yet known.
The changes are not known publicly, because the scientific community feels it would frighten the population. However, people are changing at the cellular level. I am working with three children right now who have three DNA helixes. Most people know and feel this. Many religions have talked about the change and know it will come about in different ways. We know it is a positive mutation even though physically, mentally, and emotionally it can be misunderstood and frightening.
PR: Are these children displaying any characteristics different from other children?BF: These are children who can move objects across the room just by concentrating on them, or they can fill glasses of water just by looking at them. They're telepathic. You would almost think by knowing these children that they are half angelic or superhuman, but they're not. I think they are what we are growing into during the next few decades.
PR: Do you think this will happen to all of us?BF: It seems like most people who were born before 1940 have not been able to make the shift, but have initiated something into the next generation that gives them the capacity to form another helix within our lifetime. Our immune and endocrine systems are the most evident of these changes. That is one of the reasons I work with research in immunological testing and therapy.
Some adults that I have tested actually do have another DNA helix forming. Some are even getting their third. These people are going through a lot of major shifts in their consciousness and physical bodies, because it is all one. In my opinion, the Earth and everyone here is raising its vibration. Many of the children born recently have bodies that are magnetically lighter.
Those of us that are older and choose to change have to go through many physical changes.
PR: What causes change in bodies born with normal two-strand DNA?BF: The easiest way to mutate our DNA is through a virus. Consequently viruses are not necessarily bad. Viruses live only on living tissue. DNA viruses like Epstein Barr and the Herpes #6 change cellular structure. The retrovirus HIV is not a DNA virus. Instead of mutating the body, it actually eats it up. Most people who go through this process and come out the other side have a new profession, a new way of thinking, or at least a starting of a new way of life.
Even though they may feel really sick, tired, or hopeless at times, it is a gift. They are being given a chance to change their DNA structure and their body into a lighter, healthier body that can see them into the next generation. The angels that are being seen are signs that we are shifting. As I understand it, we have until about 2012 to complete this process.
PR: What other changes should we expect to see?BF: There will be no disease, we will not need to die. We will be able to learn our lessons, not through suffering, but through joy and love. The old system has to crumble away, and is not doing that without putting up a big fight. So you have all the wars; a lot of the medical-type of healing is not working; the government is not working.
A lot of the old paradigms can no longer exist yet are fighting to be maintained, but there is no doubt that it is changing. Those of us who have chosen to live at this time are the forerunners of almost a new species. It is human, yet we are at the same time actually manifesting heaven on Earth. We are receiving extra help from masters and extraterrestrials, angelic beings, and learning to go inward. The more we are able to go in and listen to that quiet voice, the more we are in tune with the changes that are happening.
PR: What are some of the side effects of these changes?BF: With a cellular change you are sometimes going to feel as though you are not here. You may feel exhaustion, because we are literally changing cells and becoming new beings. Like a new baby, you may need lots of rest. Mental confusion and not being able to concentrate on routine tasks may happen as we are being programmed for something larger. Aches and pains throughout the body for which there is no specific cause are common. Many people feel as though they are going crazy.
If they go into an orthodox medical office, most likely they will be put on Prozac, because they can't define what it is. It is difficult for the medical profession because they are not used to dealing with the energy body. Because the chakras are related to our endocrine system, women will go through hormonal changes. There may be crying without knowing why because crying releases hormones. Many women are going through menopause earlier because we are accelerating.
Men may be very frustrated with the exhaustion when they are used to being very active. They may feel their feminine side coming out because this is the intuitive side. The emotional therapy that has been coming out in the last 20 to 30 years has been speeded up with new techniques for these changes. We are actually doing a tremendous amount of emotional work in a very short time, which would have taken thousands of years.
PR: How do you you treat someone who is going through these changes?BF: I approach it from the viewpoint of working with individual beings instead of treating a disease. 'Doctor' in Latin means educator. The only effective service you can perform as a true healer is to empower individuals with the necessary tools and reassure them that what is happening is real, and that they can heal and be free of the 'negative' symptoms while healing.
First, I require immunological testing that is not traditionally done. This is a blood laboratory test performed by an advanced specialty research lab. Then I give the patient the information themselves. This is much like a map of the changes so they can have the power to heal. I am not the healer but only an instrument in their individual healing process. There is power in a person looking at their own blood tests and seeing the map of what is going on in their bodies that causes something to click in the subconscious.
The real key is that the person take responsibility and do their own work. What I use as tools are not commonly used. I use a lot of Organotherapy, which is a glandular treatment from Europe, to build up the hormonal system to accept the changes in the DNA. Also, I use homeopathy to work on the energetic body, vitamins, herbs, and cold laser therapy. The therapy depends entirely on individual needs.
Much of what I do has been accessed from those whom I would call older sisters and brothers who have gone on before us. They are from other solar systems that we have all come from to help this planet with its transition.
PR: How do you see your work evolving?
BF: I look at my work as a bridge or transition. It is both scientific and artistic. Healing is an art and a science. Using only science or just the art of healing is not enough for complete health. I don't think I will be a healer all my life because I believe disease will be eliminated. We as conscious people will eliminate disease and suffering.
zondag 18 oktober 2020
Sharing Some Nasty, Recent Experiences ( directed to a person in particular)
A FEW OCCURRENCES THAT HAPPENED TO ME ABOUT A WEEK AGO, I SHARED ALREADY ON TWITTER, BUT I WANT TO REPEAT THEM ON THIS BLOGPOST, WITH AN ADDITION.
11-10-2020 , LAST SUNDAY , MY PARTNER AND I PASSED THE DAY WITH A CLOSE RELATIVE IN THE VILLAGE WHERE I WAS BORN AND LIVED DURING MY YOUTH, AS USUAL ( AS 'CARETAKERS')
I WENT ON MY BIKE TO THE LOCAL SUPERMARKET TO DO SOME GROCERY SHOPPING. ( I FELT PERFECTLY FINE)
THE SUPERMARKET WASN'T CROWDED , AND THERE WAS ONE FAIRLY YOUNG MAN, STANDING AT THE END OF A ROW WITH PRODUCTS, LOOKING EXPLICITLY AT ME, IN THE EYES, AND SMILING VERY FRIENDLY , HE HAD 'KIND EYES'.
I HAD NEVER SEEN THIS MAN BEFORE, BUT (AUTOMATICALLY) I SMILED BACK.
A SHORT TIME AFTER THIS, IN THE ROW HEADING TO THE PAY DESK; I FELT THIS SLIGHT PAIN IN MY BACK WITH BREATHING AND THE NEXT MOMENT IT FELT AS IF MY LUNGS WERE 'BLOCKED'; NO AIR; TIGHTNESS ON CHEST: SO I THOUGHT: I CAN LEAVE THE SHOPPING -CART RIGHT HERE AND FLEE OUTSIDE, OR I TRY TO BREATH VERY CALM AND SUPERFICIALLY THROUGH MY NOSE AND MAKE IT PAST THE PAY DESK.
AS I WAS NEAR THE PAY DESK AND THERE WAS ONLY ONE PERSON IN THE LINE , I DECIDED FOR THE LATTER, AND I SAW THAT THIS MAN , WHO HAD LOOKED AND SMILED IN THIS FRIENDLY WAY CAME NEXT, BEHIND ME.
(WHEN IT WAS HIS TURN, THE CASHIER SAID THAT HE SHOULD HAVE TAKEN A MANDATORY SHOPPING CART, WHICH HE HADN'T, BUT HE DIDN'T UNDERSTAND WHAT SHE SAID, I SUPPOSE BECAUSE OF THE LANGUAGE. I LEFT THE SHOP, VERY HAPPY TO BE OUTSIDE, THOUGH THE TIGHTNESS ON MY CHEST STAYED FOR MANY HOURS.)
( A COUPLE OF DAYS BEFORE I HAD LIVED A SIMILAR EXPERIENCE , REGARDING THE TIGHTNESS AND THE SENSATION OF 'GETTING NO AIR': FROM ONE MOMENT TO THE NEXT , OCCURRING IN IKEA, WHILE, AGAIN, I HAD BEEN FINE BEFORE)
TODAY, AT THIS VILLAGE, I ASKED MY PARTNER TO COME WITH ME; I HADN'T TOLD HIM ABOUT THIS MAN IN THE SUPERMARKET BEFORE, SO , AT THE HOUSE , BEFORE GOING OUT, I TOLD HIM, AND I ASKED HIM TO COME WITH ME TO THIS SUPERMARKET, JUST IN CASE I WOULD EXPERIENCE THE SAME PHYSICAL NASTY PHENOMENA.
( THE DAY BEFORE I HAD ASKED MY PARTNER TO DO THE SHOPPING TODAY, BUT I CHANGED MY MIND, I DON'T WANT TO STAY IN THE HOUSE, WORRIED THAT SOMETHING SIMILAR WOULD HAPPEN AGAIN).
WE WERE BOTH INSIDE THE SUPERMARKET; HE WENT FOR SOME PRODUCTS AND I SEARCHED FOR SOME OTHER ONES. NOTHING 'HAPPENED', FORTUNATELY.
I KNOW THIS MAN THAT SUNDAY HAD SOMETHING TO DO WITH WHAT HAPPENED THAT DAY, (HE KNOWS I KNOW AS WELL)
ONLY A FEW, WHEN THEY READ THIS, WILL HAVE SOME IDEA., OR KNOW WHAT ( POSSIBLY) HAPPENED.
( I ALWAYS REMEMBER THE WORDS, MENTALLY OVER- DISTANCE COMMUNICATED BY THE FORMER 'MINDHACKER'; THIS GOES FAR BEYOND YOUR IMAGINATION)
SOME LINKS OF FORMER BLOGS I WANT TO REPEAT HERE:
https://marleendingenouts.blogspot.com/2020_08_07_archive.html
AND:
https://marleendingenouts.blogspot.com/2020_08_20_archive.html
NOTE: SOME, ÍF THEY READ THIS, WILL DEFINITELY THINK I'M TOTALLY NUTS, WHICH , UNFORTUNATELY, I'M NOT (TOTALLY).
.
zaterdag 17 oktober 2020
DNA changes: 666=Carbon 12, to Carbon 7 (616)
donderdag 15 oktober 2020
SCIENTIFIC STUDIES ABOUT HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF IMPLEMENTED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS/ FREQUENCIES AND SOME ARTICLES.
A BIT OF RESEARCH:
SCIENTIFIC STUDIES ABOUT THE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF IMPLEMENTED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS/ FREQUENCIES AND SOME ARTICLES.
- EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD EXPOSURE ON THE ANTIOXIDENT DEFENSE SYSTEM; SCIENCEDIRECT:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213879X17300731
- THE SCREENING OF GENES SENSITIVE TO LONG-TERM, LOW LEVEL MICROWAVE EXPOSURE AND BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL CORRELATION TO LEARNING AND MEMORY. SCIENCEDIRECT:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S089539881530060X
A WEBSITE WITH A VARIETY OF STUDIES , DONE OVER THE YEARS.
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND POSSIBLE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES:
https://www.5gcrisis.com/scientific-studies
THIS INVESTIGATION: THE ROLE OF NICOTINE IN 'COVID 19 INFECTION':
https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/nicotine-replacement-therapy/
SOME ARTICLES:
5G: THE SPACE RACE: ABOUT THE NUMEROUS SATELLITES (BEING) LAUNCHED INTO SPACE AND THE BIG FINANCIAL INTERESTS.
https://www.ibc.org/trends/5g-the-space-race/5446.article
ELON MUSK SAYS HE WILL USE 'SPACE LASERS' TO BEAM 100 MBPS FROM STARLINK SATELLITES.
MY OWN EXPERIENCES OUTSIDE MY HOUSE, THE LAST WEEK; IN 3 PLACES IN ANTWERP, WERE VERY NASTY, TO BE HONEST : IN IKEA, NEAR THE CASH DESKS SUDDENLY A PAIN IN MY UPPER BACK WITH BREATHING, TIGHTNESS IN CHEST AND THE FEELING OF NOT GETTING ENOUGH 'AIR' , IT TOOK A DAY AT HOME TO RECOVER A BIT; SOME DAYS LATER IN A SUPERMARKET: ALBERT HEIJN: AGAIN , NEAR THE CASH DESKS, SAME STORY, AND YESTERDAY IN THE 'KRUIDVAT'; LESS SEVERE THOUGH. THE MONTHS BEFORE I HAD SOME SYMPTOMS AS ITCHY THROAT, COUGH, HOARSE VOICE ETC. AFTER VISITING SOME BIG SUPERMARKETS.
( NOW IT HAS COME TO A POINT I DEFINITELY CAN'T GO TO SOME PLACES ANYMORE.)
I'LL FINISH WITH THIS BLOG ( THANKS TO THE WRITER!)
5G, 60 GHZ, OXYGEN ABSORPTION, YOU AND CORONAVIRUS:
https://ourgreaterdestiny.org/2020/02/5g-60-ghz-oxygen-absorption-you-and-coronavirus/
5G, 60 GHz, Oxygen Absorption, You, and Coronavirus
I transcribed part of Dana Ashley’s video regarding the impact of 5G/60 GHz on the human body. The transcript is not word for word.
The impacts of 5G/60 GHz are not widely published. Here’s what we know from big telecom company promotional material: “60 GHz has a very distinct impact on none other than oxygen itself.” Yes, articles from companies touting benefits of 5G admit 60 GHz is absorbed by oxygen as seen by this graph.
Frequencies under 60 GHz are not impacted. Once it hits 60 GHz it spikes and becomes hugely absorbed by oxygen.
This company selling products that run on 60 GHz says it’s going to help with interference levels. https://www.60ghz-wireless.com/60ghz-technology/60ghz-technology-v-band-carrier-class-radios-for-p2p-p2mp-wireless-networks/
Isn’t that nice. They don’t want your first shooter video games to lag, and most of us know from mainstream releases promoting 5G that things like water and trees are going to get in the way of this frequency. So how does this even make sense unless their intentions are something besides faster speeds?
02:13 mins Knowing this frequency impacts oxygen, why mess with absorption of oxygen in the human body?
The way 60 GHz impacts oxygen is this. From the book ‘Magnetobiology’, Underlying Physical Problems, Effects of electromagnetic fields on living organisms:
Oxygen the atom is O. Oxygen the molecule is 02. Two atoms together.
These two atoms form the oxygen molecule and share some electrons. 60 GHz causes electrons surrounding oxygen molecules to spin, akin to how high-powered microwaves running on 2.4 impact molecules in food such as water. They’re heating, in part, by impacting those molecules to rotate or oscillate with each wave. The movement energy from the rotation of these super tiny water molecules helps heat the rest of the food.
In a similar way that 2.4 causes H20 to oscillate, 5G/60 GHz even at low power causes electrons on oxygen molecules to spin, changes to the spin frequencies on oxygen electrons impact human biology.
When you breathe air into your lungs it gets oxygen into your blood, brain, tissues etc. and oxygen entering your lungs gets picked up by a very important iron containing protein called hemoglobin in your blood.
The impact of oxygen molecules spinning the electrons is that it makes the hemoglobin unable to uptake the oxygen and get it to the rest of your body.
Shouldn’t the fact that 60 GHz fundamentally interacts with oxygen, the most abundant and arguably most important element to all biological life, be headline news that stops everything until we deeply test the implications? https://youtu.be/y5C3-IYtdjc
Flu and microwave symptoms are almost identical
Some symptoms people attribute to the flu are identical to symptoms of radiation sickness. http://radiationdangers.com/5g/is-the-coronavirus-actually-microwave-illness/
MedallionNet™ The Best Wi-Fi at Sea – A CLUE!
What about people quarantined at sea? Many of them elderly, many of them with preexisting health conditions, many of them who had the flu shot making them more susceptible to this season’s flu. Did they experience microwave sickness? https://doctormurray.com/does-the-flu-shot-increase-covid-19-risk/
Video https://www.princess.com/ships-and-experience/ocean-medallion/medallionnet/
US Senator Blumenthal Raises Concerns on 5G Wireless Technology Health Risks at Senate Hearing
Why scientists are worried about 5G
About 5G and Oxygen. We created this video to help you understand the concerns scientists have regarding 5G and to help you form your own opinion
Please share to raise awareness so people take responsibility for their own lives and the lives of family. Thank you.
Sincerely,
Doreen A Agostino
Without Prejudice and Without Recourse
http://freetobewealthy.net
Sent via hardwired computer
All wireless turned off to safeguard life
An addition, searching about the possible healing effects of the ( right) intake of sodiumbicarbonate I, found this article:
https://www.thegardenisland.com/2019/08/07/lifestyles/baking-soda-is-strong-medicine/
Highlighted:
Baking soda (or sodium bicarbonate) is the monosodium salt of carbonic acid, and it forms sodium and bicarbonate ions. This ion formation increases plasma bicarbonate and buffers excess hydrogen ion concentration, resulting in a raised blood pH.
It turns to carbon dioxide (CO2) when it reaches the stomach acid. You can experiment by squeezing a fresh lemon onto a little bit of baking soda — you will instantly see it bubble and turn to carbon dioxide.
Sodium bicarbonate, or rather carbon dioxide, is the key to oxygen in our body. Oxygen is incredibly dangerous, even deadly, without carbon dioxide. So carbon dioxide is actually not a waste product; doctors like to think of it as metabolic waste, but when we exercise we actually create a lot of carbon dioxide — which is very healthy and beneficial, and that’s the reason why exercise is very healthy.
The more carbon dioxide we have, the more the blood vessels dilate, blood flow increases, and more oxygen is delivered to the different parts of the body. If we do not pay attention to our breathing then we can get rid of too much carbon dioxide. The levels then go down in the blood and the blood vessels constrict, making it more difficult for oxygen to get delivered to all the tissues in in the same concentration.
And a pdf in Dutch: de genezende werking van baking soda.
https://healthwatch.eu/ebook/de-genezende-werking-van-baking-soda.pdf
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maandag 12 oktober 2020
!!! What You Need To Know About The ATMOSPHERE And The BODY
COVID-19-related complications and decompression illness share main features.
Abstract
A study by Saraiva et al. (2011) demonstrated the presence of Angiotensin II receptors on the erythrocyte membrane. This little-known information should be deemed as crucial as the SARS-CoV-2 relationships with oxygen saturation and the Renine Angiotensin System but it currently remains unexploited.
The pulmonary and cardiovascular systems are involved in any typical complications of COVID-19 but numerous other unrelated symptoms may occur. To fill the gap, we shall first emphasize some similarities between the complications of this infectious disease and Decompression Illness (DCI), which involves bubble formation.
We theorized that the Angiotensin II clearance by the red blood cells could trigger the release of its oxygen content in the bloodstream. The resulting foam would worsen the widespread endotheliitis, worsen the gas exchange, trigger the coagulation process, the inflammation process and the complement pathway as typically occurs in DCI. At the end, we propose a plausible mechanism.
Introduction
According to Kuba et al. in 2006, one mystery of SARS-CoV is why, in contrast to the other coronaviruses infecting humans, infections with the SARS-CoV trigger severe lung disease with such high mortality [1]. Eighteen years after the SARS outbreak, this assumption unfortunately remains true for SARS-CoV-2. We shall therefore propose a novel hypothesis to better understand the COVID-19 pathophysiology. As a matter of fact, an astounding amount of similarities between Decompression Illness (DCI) and COVID-19-related complications have attracted our attention.
In occupational medicine, we deal with specific work conditions such as caisson workers. DCI (or caisson disease) covers both arterial gas embolism, in which alveolar gas or venous gas emboli are introduced into the arterial circulation, and decompression sickness, which is caused by in-situ bubble formation from dissolved inert gas. Both syndromes can occur in divers, compressed air workers, aviators, and astronauts, but arterial gas embolism also arises from iatrogenic causes unrelated to decompression [2].
Symptoms of pulmonary DCI are similar to those of a thrombotic pulmonary embolus; specifically, substernal pain, cough, and dyspnea, which may progress quickly to pulmonary edema, respiratory failure, right ventricular dysfunction, and cardiovascular collapse [3].
Results
Pulmonary and cardiovascular systems
The patients with Covid-19 pneumonia, fulfilling the Berlin criteria of ARDS, present an atypical form of the syndrome [4]. The cardiovascular system is also affected, with complications including myocardial injury, myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, dysrhythmias, venous thromboembolic events [5] and stroke [6]. Both large and small vessels are affected with manifestations ranging from pulmonary embolism to purpuric lesions on extremities [7].
There are several hypotheses as to the mechanism of cardiovascular symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 infection facilitates the induction of a widespread endothelium dysfunction such as endotheliitis in several organs as a direct consequence of viral involvement [8].
Interestingly, there is evidence of endothelial dysfunction in diving [9] as in decompression bubbles in animals. In addition to mechanically obstructing blood flow through the pulmonary vasculature, vascular bubbles may directly contact and damage the vascular endothelium [10]. After hyperbaric decompression, bubbles in the body may be located within tissues or carried along with the bloodstream [11]. The interface between the blood and the bubbles produces red cell sludging in the microcirculation, causes protein denaturation, increases platelet adhesiveness, and promotes the formation of lipid emboli [12]. Vascular bubbles may cause direct blockage, aggregate platelets and red blood cells, and trigger the coagulation process, causing local and downstream clotting [13].
Vascular bubbles activate the inflammatory cascade, which can result in or contribute to pulmonary edema and pulmonary hypertension [14]. Mesenteric injury and organ infarction such as stroke are typical sequelae of severe DCI [3], [15].
We suggest that previous infectious endotheliitis might be amplified by bubbles. Finally, in COVID-19, stroke, acute myocardial infarction, findings of thrombi in small pulmonary arterioles of lung parenchyma and exudative/proliferative diffuse alveolar damage are consistent with the above findings in DCI.
Radiological findings
The radiological findings in COVID-19 are ground-glass opacity [16] and bilateral patchy shadows. In severe form of DCI of chest involvement, radiological results are similar [17].
Biological findings
Numerous biological anomalies affect COVID-19 patients. Complete blood counts revealed lymphocytopenia in most hospitalized cases. According to researchers, multiple mechanisms work together to cause lymphopenia [18]. Less common are elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), and d-dimer [19]. Acute decompression stress (in rats) has also been shown to cause a transient lymphocytic leucopenia [20] and to result in significantly increased ALT values [21]. There is also evidence of rhabdomyolysis (high CK levels) secondary to arterial gas embolism in skeletal muscles [22].
Finally, COVID-19 and DCI biological features share a number of anomalies.
Immune system and inflammatory features
The pathogenesis in the later stages of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections results not only from direct viral toxicity but also from immune dysregulation and hyperactivity (IL-6, TNF-α) [23]. Furthermore, the complement system plays a vital role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV infection [24].
Interestingly, the lung tissue mRNA levels of TNF-α, Il-1β and Il-6 were significantly increased at 0.5 h after simulated fast buoyancy ascent escape in an animal experiment [25]. In vitro, plasma samples incubated with air bubbles activated complement pathway (C3a and C5a) [26].
Eventually, there is an argument that the COVID-19-related “cytokine storm” [23] might be related to a nucleation of bubbles in the blood (foaming process). Moreover, there is evidence that bubbles activate the inflammatory cascade [25], which could explain COVID-19 hyper-inflammation.
Vascular and vasculitic skin changes including petechiae, purpura, ecchymosis, livedoid lesions, have been described in mostly pediatric COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 may show signs of small blood vessel occlusion such as petechiae or tiny bruises [27]. It is noteworthy that livedoid eruptions and rashes are typical skin manifestations seen in divers [3]. Hence, nucleation of bubbles in the skin microvasculature could be involved in COVID skin manifestations.
Discussion
The COVID-19-related complications and decompression illness strikingly bear shared features. We have revealed an astounding amount of similarities regarding the clinical but also radiological, biological, immunological and finally humoral features. We believe that the vascular abnormalities and the hyper-inflammatory parameters measured in various COVID-19 organs may be related to the systemic toxic effects of bubbles in the bloodstream elicited by SARS-CoV2 infection. Hereafter, we shall provide a possible mechanism in order to explain how bubbling could occur in COVID-19 as it is obvious that no decompression arises.
Methemoglobinemia occurs when the redox balance of the iron in the heme group is disturbed. In this condition, the patient might experience a “refractory hypoxemia” and COVID-19 critical cases also experience refractory hypoxemia [28]. The analogy with methemoglobinemia suggests that the complication stage of COVID-19 would be secondary to a disturbance in hemoglobin. We shall consequently put forward the hypothesis of a deregulation in the affinity of COVID-19 patient hemoglobin.
Firstly, there is evidence that red cells express Angiotensin II receptors (AT1 and AT2) [29]. This little-kown information should be deemed as crucial as the SARS-CoV-2 relationships with oxygen saturation and the Renine Angiotensin System [23] but it currently remains unexploited. Thus and according to Nobre et al. in 2019, there are no studies deciphering the effect of Angiotensin II and its receptors on the red blood cell membrane [30].
SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 bind to ACE2, a metalloenzyme normally responsible for the degradation of Angiotensin II, which downregulates ACE2 expression and therefore disturbs Angiotensin II clearance. In an animal study, spike protein of former SARS-CoV in mice led to a significant increase in Angiotensin II levels in the lung tissue [1] and recent findings indicate that it is also true in SARS-CoV-2 human infection. Red cells might therefore carry out the clearance of Angiotensin II during the course of the illness.
Body temperature, 2,3-BPG level, and PCO2 are well-known parameters that modulate hemoglobin affinity. We propose that a high level of Angiotensin II suddenly shifts the dissociation curve of hemoglobin to the right during the red cell transit in the lungs, through an unknown molecular mechanism. In lungs, the oxygen load would be normal but the Angiotensin-II-mediated shift would lead to an early (and pathological) oxygen release. For a limited fraction of blood volume, the release would therefore occur in the arterial tree (lungs, heart, brain, liver, kidneys) and not in the capillary beds. The blood would be locally supersaturated and would eventually bubble.
The median time from first symptom to hospital admission (7·0 days) and to ARDS (8·0 days) [31] is consistent with a time-dependent accumulation of foam in the vasculature and onto the endothelium areas.
In other tissues that exhibit ACE2 receptors, the sudden shift in the dissociation curve would produce a surge in free O2, giving rise to DCI-like symptoms. The same effect could result in a foaming process in any ACE2-containing tissue (see picture) Fig. 1 .
A. Physiological condition (hypothesis).
In a tissue experiencing a sustained oxygen demand (contractile bowels, active skeletal muscles, myocardic muscle, metabolically active brain and renal tissues), we depicted a blood vessel during an Ang 1–7 – mediated endothelium vasorelaxation (MAS receptor). Ang 1–7 is produced as a result of endothelial ACE2 peptidase activity on Ang II.
Ang II binds to the red blood cell ACE2. We propose that it triggers a shift on the dissociation curve of hemoglobin to the right. This speculative mechanism would provide a supply in free O2 in the cell free capillaries, a process called “plasma skimming”, which results in a reduced hematocrit on the downstream vessels from the first bifurcation.
B. COVID-19 condition (hypothesis).
In a tissue infected by SARS-CoV-2, virus particles are attached to endothelial ACE2 and downregulate ACE2 expression, reducing Ang II clearance.
When the tissue is at rest, capillary beds are more or less shut and the remaining vessels carry a high load of red cells (high hematocrit). As Ang II is not cleared, it could bind to the red cell Ang II receptors. As explained above, we propose that it triggers a shift on the dissociation curve of hemoglobin to the right. This speculative mechanism would provide an overload in free O2 but would occur in a blood flow overwhelmed with fully oxygenated red cells, moreover in a tissue at rest (vasoconstriction). This would involve oxygen supersaturation hence the bubble nucleation. Foaming would worsen the widespread (infectious) endotheliitis (depicted as endothelial dysfunction), worsen the gas exchange, trigger the coagulation process, the inflammation process and the complement pathway, as occurs in decompression illness.
Last, COVID-19 patients with hypertension comorbidity who are taking Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) as anti-hypertension drugs may be less likely to develop severe lung disease compared to patients who take no anti-hypertension drugs [32]. This observation is consistent with the suggested mechanism.
A case study [33] recently reported successful applications of hyperbaric oxygen treatments (HBOTs) in COVID-19, HBOT being the standard treatment in DCI. We suggest that future controlled-clinical trials explore the potential usefulness of HBOT among COVID-19 patients with respiratory conditions.
Conclusion
This paper deals with the theoretical potential possibility of a critical biophysical event during COVID-19, namely bubble nucleation or foaming.
Doppler ultrasonography and echocardiography are valuable tools for researching into venous gas emboli and are urgently needed to assess the previous assumptions. At the end, spectrophotometry assays of Angiotensin II-binding red cells are needed to assert the above assumptions.
We would like to thank the editor for putting this hypothesis forward in publishing this paper. It is the authors’ sincere hope and intent that this novel and original theoretical point of view be largely shared.
Role of funding source
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Acknowledgements
I am grateful to Cécile Jones for her technical support concerning the English language.
References
Non-lethal weapons[edit]
The TECOM Technology Symposium in 1997 concluded on non-lethal weapons, "determining the target effects on personnel is the greatest challenge to the testing community", primarily because "the potential of injury and death severely limits human tests".[62]
Also, "directed-energy weapons that target the central nervous system and cause neurophysiological disorders may violate the Certain Conventional Weapons Convention of 1980. Weapons that go beyond non-lethal intentions and cause 'superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering' may also violate the Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 1977."[63]
Some common bio-effects of non-lethal electromagnetic weapons include:
- Difficulty breathing
- Disorientation
- Nausea
- Pain
- Vertigo
- Other systemic discomfort
Interference with breathing poses the most significant, potentially lethal results.
Light and repetitive visual signals can induce epileptic seizures. Vection and motion sickness can also occur.
Cruise ships are known to use sonic weapons (such as LRAD) to drive off pirates.[64]
Russia has been reportedly using blinding laser weapons during its military intervention in Donbass.[65]